Actelion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Boehringer Ingelheim
Bayer AG
Cytori Therapeutics, Inc.
Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Pfizer, Inc.
Sanofi
Corbus Pharmaceutical Holdings, Inc.
F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd.
Merck KGaA
地理的地域による市場細分化では、レポートは次の地域を分析しました-
北米(米国、カナダ、メキシコ)
ヨーロッパ(ドイツ、フランス、イギリス、ロシア、イタリア)
アジア太平洋(中国、日本、韓国、インド、東南アジア)
南アメリカ(ブラジル、アルゼンチン、コロンビアなど)
中東およびアフリカ(サウジアラビア、アラブ首長国連邦、エジプト、ナイジェリア、南アフリカ)
Table of Contents
Part 1 Market Overview
1.1 Market Definition
1.2 Market Development
1.2.1 Current Situation
1.2.2 Aspects of COVID-19 Impact
1.3 By Type
Table Type of Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Figure Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Type in 2019
1.4 By Application
Table Application of Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Figure Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Application in 2019
1.5 By Region
Figure Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Region in 2019
Figure Asia Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Region in 2019
Part 2 Key Companies
2.1 Actelion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
2.1.1 Company Profile
Table Actelion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Overview List
2.1.2 Products Services Overview
2.1.3 Sales Data List
Table Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Business Operation of Actelion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
2.2 Boehringer Ingelheim
2.3 Bayer AG
2.4 Cytori Therapeutics, Inc.
2.5 Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc
2.6 Gilead Sciences, Inc.
2.7 Pfizer, Inc.
2.8 Sanofi
2.9 Corbus Pharmaceutical Holdings, Inc.
2.10 F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd.
2.11 Merck KGaA
Part 3 Global Market Status and Future Forecast
3.1 Global Market by Region
Table Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Region, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Region in 2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Region, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Region in 2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Region, 2015-2019
3.2 Global Market by Company
Table Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Company, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Company in 2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Company, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Company in 2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Company, 2015-2019
3.3 Global Market by Type
Table Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
3.4 Global Market by Application
Table Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
3.5 Global Market by Forecast
Figure Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Global Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 4 Asia-Pacific Market Status and Future Forecast
4.1 Asia-Pacific Market by Type
Table Asia-Pacific Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Asia-Pacific Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
Table Asia-Pacific Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
4.2 Asia-Pacific Market by Application
Table Asia-Pacific Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Asia-Pacific Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
Table Asia-Pacific Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
4.3 Asia-Pacific Market by Geography
4.3.1 China Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure China Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure China Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure China Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure China Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
4.3.2 Southeast Asia Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Southeast Asia Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Southeast Asia Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
4.3.3 India Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure India Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure India Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure India Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure India Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
4.3.4 Japan Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Japan Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Japan Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
4.3.5 Korea Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Korea Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Korea Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Korea Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Korea Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
4.3.6 Oceania Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Oceania Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Oceania Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Oceania Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Oceania Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Market by Forecast
Figure Asia-Pacific Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Asia-Pacific Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 5 Europe Market Status and Future Forecast
5.1 Europe Market by Type
Table Europe Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Europe Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
5.2 Europe Market by Application
Table Europe Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Europe Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
5.3 Europe Market by Geography
5.3.1 Germany Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Germany Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Germany Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Germany Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Germany Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
5.3.2 UK Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure UK Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure UK Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure UK Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure UK Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
5.3.3 France Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure France Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure France Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure France Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure France Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
5.3.4 Italy Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Italy Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Italy Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Italy Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Italy Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
5.3.5 Russia Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Russia Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Russia Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Russia Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Russia Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
5.3.6 Spain Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Spain Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Spain Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Spain Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Spain Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
5.3.6 Netherlands Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Netherlands Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Netherlands Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Netherlands Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Netherlands Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
5.3.7 Turkey Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Turkey Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Turkey Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Turkey Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Turkey Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
5.3.6 Switzerland Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Switzerland Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Switzerland Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Switzerland Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Switzerland Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
5.4 Europe Market by Forecast
Figure Europe Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 6 North America Market Status and Future Forecast
6.1 North America Market by Type
Table North America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure North America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure North America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
6.2 North America Market by Application
Table North America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure North America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure North America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
6.3 North America Market by Geography
6.3.1 United States Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure United States Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure United States Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure United States Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure United States Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
6.3.2 Canada Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Canada Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Canada Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Canada Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Canada Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
6.3.3 Mexico Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Mexico Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Mexico Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Mexico Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Mexico Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
6.4 North America Market by Forecast
Figure North America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure North America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 7 South America Market Status and Future Forecast
7.1 South America Market by Type
Table South America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure South America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
Table South America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure South America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
7.2 South America Market by Application
Table South America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure South America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
Table South America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure South America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
7.3 South America Market by Geography
7.3.1 Brazil Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Brazil Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Brazil Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Brazil Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Brazil Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
7.3.2 Argentina Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Argentina Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Argentina Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Argentina Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Argentina Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
7.3.3 Columbia Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Columbia Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Columbia Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Columbia Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Columbia Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
7.3.4 Chile Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Chile Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Chile Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Chile Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Chile Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
7.3.5 Peru Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Peru Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Peru Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Peru Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Peru Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
7.4 South America Market by Forecast
Figure South America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure South America Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 8 Middle East Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
8.1 Middle East Africa Market by Type
Table Middle East Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Middle East Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
Table Middle East Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Middle East Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
8.2 Middle East Africa Market by Application
Table Middle East Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Middle East Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
Table Middle East Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure Middle East Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
8.3 Middle East Africa Market by Geography
8.3.1 GCC Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure GCC Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure GCC Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure GCC Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure GCC Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
8.3.2 North Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure North Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure North Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure North Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure North Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
8.3.3 South Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure South Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure South Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Market Status, 2015-2019 (Volume)
Figure South Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure South Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
8.4 Middle East Africa Market by Forecast
Figure Middle East Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Middle East Africa Scleroderma Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 9 Market Features
9.1 Product Features
9.2 Price Features
9.3 Channel Features
9.4 Purchasing Features
Part 10 Investment Opportunity
10.1 Regional Investment Opportunity
10.2 Industry Investment Opportunity
PART 11 Coronavirus Impact
11.1 Impact on Industry Upstream
11.2 Impact on Industry Downstream
11.3 Impact on Industry Channels
11.4 Impact on Industry Competition
11.5 Impact on Industry Obtain Employment
Part 12 Conclusion